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A current transformer (CT) is an electrical device used to measure alternating current (AC) in a circuit. It is a type of transformer that accurately steps down the primary current (the current being measured in the circuit) to a secondary current, which is a safer and more manageable level for instruments and meters to measure. This enables the monitoring, protection, and control of electrical systems without directly connecting measuring devices to high-current circuits, thus ensuring safety and isolation.

Applications:

• Metering: To measure electric power consumption in homes, industries, and substations.

• Protection: In electrical systems, CTs are used with relays to detect overcurrent conditions and initiate circuit breaker trips, preventing damage to equipment.

• Control and Monitoring: They provide signals for control systems to manage power distribution effectively.

• Isolation: They allow safe measurement and monitoring of high-voltage and high-current circuits without direct contact.

It's important to note that current transformers should never be operated without a load (an open circuit condition) as this can lead to dangerous voltage spikes and potentially damage the transformer or connected equipment.