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A pole-mounted transformer is an electrical device used in power distribution systems to step down high voltage electricity from primary power lines to a lower, safer voltage suitable for residential, commercial, or light industrial use. These transformers are typically mounted on utility poles, hence the name "pole-mounted," and play a crucial role in the final stages of electricity delivery.

Here's a more detailed explanation:

1. Function: The primary function of a pole-mounted transformer is voltage transformation. It reduces the voltage coming from the higher voltage distribution lines to a secondary voltage level that is suitable for consumer use, usually around 240V (in many countries) or 120/240V split-phase in North America.

2. Components: A typical pole-mounted transformer consists of a steel core surrounded by coils of wire (windings). There are two sets of windings: the primary winding, which is connected to the high voltage line, and the secondary winding, which delivers the transformed voltage to the service entrance of a building through a service drop.

3. Construction: They are designed to be weather-resistant and durable, with a sealed tank filled with insulating oil that helps dissipate heat generated during the transformation process and provides electrical insulation between the windings. 

4. Installation: Pole-mounted transformers are affixed to utility poles, usually several feet above the ground, using brackets or clamps. This positioning keeps them out of reach and minimizes the risk of accidents. Power lines connect to the top of the transformer, while a service cable runs down to the customer's meter.

5. Safety Features: Thee transformers often have safety features like fused cutouts or reclosers to protect against overloads and short circuits. Some also have animal guards to prevent squirrels and other animals from climbing onto the transformer and causing a fault.

6. Usage: They are commonly seen in suburban and rural areas where overhead power lines are prevalent. In urban areas with underground utilities, pad-mounted transformers serve a similar purpose but are located at ground level in locked metal cabinets.

Overall, pole-mounted transformers are a vital component of the electrical grid infrastructure, ensuring safe and efficient delivery of power to homes and businesses.