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Transformer normal operation is crucial to ensure the stability and reliability of electrical power systems. To ensure their safe and efficient functioning, several regulations and guidelines are in place. These may vary slightly depending on the region, country, or specific industry standards, but generally encompass the following key aspects:

1. Inspection and Maintenance: Regular inspections and maintenance routines are vital. This includes visual checks for any signs of damage, leaks, or corrosion, as well as testing oil levels and quality, and cleaning cooling systems.

2. Temperature Monitoring: Transformers should be equipped with temperature monitoring systems. The temperature rise in the winding and oil should not exceed the manufacturer's recommendations or the limits set by standards such as IEC 60076. Overheating can lead to insulation degradation and failure.

3. Load Management: Transformers should not be continuously operated at their full rated capacity. Most standards recommend an operating load that does not exceed 80-90% of the transformer's rated capacity to allow for overload conditions and to prolong the equipment's lifespan.

4. Protection Systems: Adequate protection systems must be in place to guard against overloads, short circuits, and other abnormal conditions. This typically includes fuses, circuit breakers, and protective relays that can quickly disconnect the transformer from the system in case of malfunction.

5. Voltage Regulation: Transformers should maintain a stable output voltage within specified limits, even under varying load conditions. This is often achieved through tap changers that adjust the transformer's voltage ratio.

6. Oil Testing and Management: For oil-filled transformers, regular testing of the transformer oil is necessary to check for moisture content, acidity, dielectric strength, and the presence of contaminants or gases that could indicate internal faults.

7. Bushing and Terminal Inspections: Inspect connections, bushings, and terminals regularly for signs of overheating, loose connections, or corrosion, which can lead to failures or outages.

8. Earthing and Lightning Protection: Proper earthing (grounding) of the transformer and its components is essential to protect against electrical faults and lightning strikes.

9. Noise and Vibration Control: Transformers should operate within acceptable noise and vibration levels to prevent mechanical stress on components and reduce environmental impact.

10. Documentation and Record Keeping: Maintain accurate records of inspections, tests, repairs, and maintenance activities for each transformer. This is important for traceability, planning future maintenance, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

It's important to consult the specific regulations of the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), as well as international standards like those published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), or regional/national standards bodies for detailed up-to-date guidelines.