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Transformer Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) refers to the ability of a transformer to function satisfactorily in its intended electromagnetic environment without causing undue interference to other equipment and without being unduly affected by electromagnetic disturbances from its surroundings. It is a crucial aspect in the design, installation, and operation of transformers to ensure reliable performance and compliance with various standards and regulations.

EMC for transformers encompasses several key areas:

1. Emission: Transformers can generate electromagnetic emissions, primarily in the form of conducted and radiated noise. Conducted emissions travel along power lines, while radiated emissions are transmitted through space. These emissions must be limited to preven tinterference with sensitive equipment like communication systems, medical devices, or other electrical installations.

2. Immunity: Transformers should also be designed to be immune to external electromagnetic disturbances such as lightning strikes, electrostatic discharges (ESD), radio frequency interference (RFI), and power line disturbances. This ensures that they continue to operate reliably even when exposed to these disruptive forces.

3. Surge Protection: To enhance EMC, transformers often incorporate surge protection devices like surge arresters or filters. These components protect the transformer and connected systems from voltage surges and transients that could otherwise cause damage or disrupt operations.

4. Shielding: In some cases, transformers may be shielded to reduce emissions or increase immunity. Shielding involves enclosing the transformer or critical components in a conductive enclosure that redirects electromagnetic fields, preventing them from escaping or entering the transformer.

5. Grounding and Bonding: Proper grounding and bonding practices are essential for EMC. A well-designed grounding system helps to dissipate electrical currents safely, reducing the risk of interference and ensuring personnel safety.

6. Compliance Testing: Transformers must undergo rigorous testing to verify their EMC performance. Standards such as IEC 61000 series, CISPR standards, and regional-specific regulations like EN 55011 in Europe or FCC Part 18 in the USA outline the testing procedures and limits for both emissions and immunity.

Designing for EMC in transformers requires a holistic approach, considering not only the transformer itself but also the entire system it's integrated into, including cables, earthing arrangements, and surrounding installations. Close collaboration between transformer manufacturers, system designers, and EMC specialists is crucial to achieving optimal EMC performance.