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A transformer fuse is a safety device used in electrical systems to protect transformers from excessive current flow or short circuits. It is essentially a type of overcurrent protection device. When the current passing through the transformer exceeds a predetermined safe limit, the fuse will "blow," meaning it will break the circuit and stop the flow of electricity.

Transformer fuses are typically located in the primary or secondary winding circuits of the transformer. They are designed to interrupt the current quickly to prevent damage to the transformer, its connected equipment, and to minimize the risk of fire caused by electrical faults.

These fuses come in various types and sizes, including:

1. Current-limiting fuses: These are designed to limit the peak let-through current during a short circuit, thus reducing the thermal and mechanical stress on the transformer and other electrical components.

2. Rewireable fuses: These have replaceable fuse links and are often used in older installations where the fuse element can be changed without replacing the entire fuse holder.

3. Cartridge fuses: These are sealed units that need to be replaced entirely when they blow. They offer better safety and ease of replacement compared to rewireable fuses.

4. High rupturing capacity (HRC) fuses: Designed to handle high short-circuit currents, HRC fuses provide enhanced protection for transformers in high-power applications.

5. Drop-out fuses: Used mainly in outdoor applications, these fuses have a spring mechanism that helps to disconnect the fuse carrier from the contacts when the fuse blows, enhancing safety.

The selection of the right transformer fuse depends on factors such as the transformer's rating, the type of load it supplies, the available short-circuit current, and the desired level of protection. It's crucial to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and local electrical codes when selecting and installing transformer fuses to ensure proper functionality and safety.