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A power supply transformer is an electrical component that plays a crucial role in converting and regulating the voltage of alternating current (AC) in various electronic devices and systems. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where it transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another without any direct electrical connection, thus providing isolation and safety.

There are several types of power supply transformers designed for specific applications:

1. Step-Down Transformer: Reduces the voltage from the primary to the secondary side.

2. Step-Up Transformer: Increases the voltage from the primary to the secondary side.

3. Autotransformer: A single winding acts as both the primary and secondary, allowing for small voltage adjustments.

4. Toroidal Transformer: Shaped like a doughnut, known for its compact size, lower external magnetic field, and higher efficiency.

5. Audio Transformer: Specifically designed for audio equipment to isolate, match impedances, and filter signals.

Power supply transformers are used in a wide range of applications, including:

1. Household appliances (e.g., lighting fixtures, refrigerators)


2. Electronics (computers, televisions, chargers)

3. Industrial machinery

4. Power distribution networks

5. Audio equipment

Understanding the specifications and proper use of a power supply transformer is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient operation in any electrical system.