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Test transformer typically refers to a specific type of electrical transformer used for testing purposes. A test transformer is designed to provide a controlled source of electrical power for various tests and measurements in an electrical system. It allows engineers, technicians, and researchers to simulate different voltage levels, currents, or other electrical conditions safely in a laboratory or on-site environment. These transformers are commonly used for:

1. Voltage Testing: To verify insulation strength, dielectric withstand tests, or to check the performance of protective relays and circuit breakers at high voltages.

2. Current Transformation: For measuring large currents in a circuit by stepping them down to safer, measurable levels using a current transformer.

3. Impedance Matching: In some cases, they might be used to match the impedance of a test setup to the equipment being tested, ensuring accurate readings.

4. Calibration: Calibration of electrical measurement instruments such as voltmeters, ammeters, and wattmeters often requires precise voltage or current sources, which test transformers can provide.

5. Research and Development: In the development of new electrical equipment or components, test transformers help simulate real-world electrical supply conditions in a controlled manner.

These transformers come in various types, including AC/DC, single-phase, three-phase, low voltage, high voltage, and others, tailored to suit the specific testing requirements. Safety is paramount when working with test transformers due to the high voltages and currents they can handle, so proper precautions, grounding, and personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential.