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An electrical power transformer and a power supply transformer, while both belonging to the category of transformers, serve different purposes in electrical systems. Here's a comparison to highlight their differences:

Electrical Power Transformer:

1. Application: An electrical power transformer is a crucial component in electrical power transmission and distribution networks. Its primary role is to step up or step down high-voltage electricity for efficient transmission over long distances and then stepping it down again for distribution to consumers.

2. Voltage Transformation: Power transformers can either increase (step-up) the voltage for transmission or decrease (step-down) it for distribution. Step-up transformers are used at power generation stations to increase the voltage before transmission to minimize energy loss due to resistance in the wires. Step-down transformers are used at substations near the consumer end to reduce the voltage to levels safe for household and industrial use.

3. Size and Design: These transformers are much larger in size and capacity, designed to handle high-power loads. They are built for durability and efficiency, often with cooling systems to manage heat dissipation.

4. Frequency Range: Similarly, they operate at the frequency of the electrical grid they are part of, typically 50Hz or 60Hz, but they are designed to handle a broader range of power frequencies and loads without significant loss.

Power Supply Transformer:

1. Application: A power supply transformer is typically used in electronic devices and circuits to step down the voltage from the mains (e.g., 110V or 220V) to a lower voltage suitable for electronic components. It's commonly found in devices like power adapters for laptops, chargers, and various other electronic equipment.

2. Voltage Transformation: The primary function is to reduce (step-down) the high voltage alternating current (AC) from the electrical grid to a safer, lower voltage level that can be utilized by sensitive electronics.

3. Size and Design: These transformers are often smaller in size and designed for lower power applications. They may include additional features like voltage regulation, filtering, and safety isolation between the input and output.

4. Frequency Range: They usually operate within a specific frequency range (like 50Hz or 60Hz) depending on the region's electrical grid standard.

In summary, while both types of transformers work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction to transform voltages, their applications, scale, and design features differentiate them. Electrical power transformers are integral to the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity on a much larger scale, while power supply transformers cater to low-power electronic devices.