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Power transformers play a crucial role in the infrastructure of electrical power systems, ensuring the effective transmission and distribution of electricity. They are stepping up or stepping down voltage levels, enabling power to be transmitted over long distances and then distributed to consumers at safe and usable voltages. Power transformers’ main functions including:

1. Voltage Transformation: Power transformers alter the voltage level of an alternating current (AC) signal while maintaining its frequency. This is achieved through the process of electromagnetic induction, which occurs between multiple windings (coils) that are wrapped around a shared laminated steel core.

2. Step-Up and Step-Down Operations: These transformers are designed to either increase the voltage to a higher level, which is necessary for efficient power transmission over extensive distances via power lines, thereby reducing energy loss due to cable resistance. Alternatively, they can decrease the voltage to levels that are appropriate for use in industrial, commercial, and residential settings at the point of distribution. 

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