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Transformer temperature inspection is a critical maintenance activity to ensure the safe and efficient operation of transformers, which are vital components in power distribution systems. Transformers convert electrical energy from one voltage level to another, and during this process, they generate heat due to internal losses. Excessive heat can lead to insulation degradation, oil deterioration, and ultimately transformer failure. Therefore, monitoring and controlling the temperature is essential for prolonging transformer lifespan and preventing unexpected outages. Here are some common methods used for transformer temperature inspection:

1. Thermometers and Thermocouples: Traditional methods involve installing thermometers or thermocouples at strategic points within the transformer, such as the oil level, winding hot spots, or the radiator. These devices provide direct temperature readings but require manual checking and may not offer real-time monitoring.

2. Buchholz Relay: This is a safety device installed in transformers that detects abnormal conditions by sensing gas accumulation caused by overheating or partial discharge. While it doesn't directly measure temperature, it serves as an indirect indicator of potential temperature-related issues.

3. Oil Temperature Sensors: Transformers often use mineral oil as a coolant and insulator. Oil temperature sensors submerged in the oil can monitor its temperature continuously. High oil temperatures can trigger alarms or activate cooling systems.

4. Temperature Gauges on Radiators/Heat Exchangers: Monitoring the temperature of the cooling medium (usually air or water) at the radiator or heat exchanger outlet helps assess the effectiveness of the cooling system.

5. Infrared Thermography (IR Scanning): A non-invasive method using infrared cameras to detect temperature variations across the transformer's surface. This technique identifies hotspots that could indicate internal issues and is particularly useful for detecting uneven heating patterns.

6. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA): Though not a direct temperature measurement, DGA analyzes gases dissolved in the transformer oil to identify potential faults like overheating, arcing, or partial discharge. Changes in gas concentrations can be correlated with temperature increases.

7. Real-Time Monitoring Systems: Advanced transformers and substations are equipped with intelligent monitoring systems that integrate temperature sensors with control software. These systems provide continuous temperature monitoring, automated alerts, and can even adjust cooling mechanisms based on predefined thresholds.

Regular temperature inspections, combined with other diagnostic tests, are fundamental to a comprehensive transformer maintenance program. Early detection of abnormal temperature rises allows for timely intervention, preventing catastrophic failures and extending transformer service life.